Better Control of TB Seen If a Faster Cure Is Found

The World Health Organization1 estimates that about one-third of all people are infected with bacteria that cause tuberculosis.Most times,the infection remains inactive.But each year about eight million people develop active cases of TB,usually in their 1 .Two million people die 2 it.The disease has 3 with the spread of AIDS and drug-resistant forms of tuberculosis.

Current treatments take at least six months.Patients have to 4 a combination of several antibiotic drugs daily.But many people stop 5 they feel better.Doing that can 6 to an infection that resists treatment.Public health experts agree that a faster-acting cure for tuberculosis would be more effective.Now a study estimates just how 7 it might be.A professor of international health at Harvard University2 led the study.Joshua Salomon says a shorter treatment program would likely mean not just more patients 8 .It would also mean 9 infectious patients who can pass on their infection to others.

The researchers developed a mathematical model to examine the effects of a two-month treatment plan.They 10 the model with current TB conditions in Southeast Asia.The scientists found that a two-month treatment could prevent about twenty percent of new cases.And it might 11 about twenty-five percent of TB deaths.The model shows that these 12 would take place between two thousand twelve and two thousand thirty.That is,if a faster cure is developed and in wide use by two thousand twelve.

The World Health Organization 13 the DOTS3 program in nineteen ninety.DOTS is Directly Observed Treatment,Short-course.Health workers watch tuberculosis patients take their daily pills to make 14 they continue treatment.

Earlier this year,an international partnership of organizations announced a plan to expand the DOTS program.The ten-year plan also aims to finance research 15 new TB drugs.The four most common drugs used now are more than forty years old.The Global Alliance for TB Drug Development4 says its long-term goal is a treatment that could work in as few as ten doses.

練習(xí)：

1.A.kidneys B.lungs C.bones D.livers

2.A.with B.without C.of D.out of

3.A.increased B.decreased C.changed D.disappeared

4.A.make B.take C.try D.test

5.A.as if B.as though C.as far as D.as soon as

6.A.refer B.apply C.lead D.amount

7.A.effective B.ineffective C.expensive D.inexpensive

8.A.cured B.to cure C.being cured D.having been cured

9.A.many B.more C.few D.fewer

10.A.provided B.introduced C.tested D.tempted

11.A.bring about B.contributed to C.promote D.prevent

12.A.increases B.reductions C.creations D.collections

13.A.developed B.invented C.delayed D.refused

14.A.easy B.uneasy C.sure D.unsure

15.A.with B.to C.onto D.into

答案與題解：

1.B結(jié)核病多發(fā)于肺部，這是一般的常識(shí)。

2.C die of意思是“死于某種疾病”，其他三個(gè)介詞都不與die搭配。

3.A本句后半部說(shuō)到艾滋病的傳播和抗藥型結(jié)核病的出現(xiàn)，那么根據(jù)推理，結(jié)核病自然應(yīng)該增加，而不可能“減少”或“消失”。至于“變化”，不應(yīng)該是結(jié)核病本身發(fā)生變化，而應(yīng)該是發(fā)病率發(fā)生變化。

4.B從本句的前后句可以推測(cè)到本句想說(shuō)的是“病人每天必須服用幾種抗生素藥物”，而服藥只能選擇take，其他幾個(gè)動(dòng)詞都不合適。

5.D答題時(shí)請(qǐng)注意句首的But這個(gè)詞，顯然與上句意思發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)折，而四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中as if、as though都是“仿佛，宛如”的意思，as far as則是“至于……，就……而言”的意思，填在這里均不合適，只有as soon as (“一……就……”)才恰當(dāng)。

6.C本空白處后面有介詞to，雖然這幾個(gè)選項(xiàng)均可與to連用，但意思各不相同：refer to：“談及”，“參考”;apply to：“接洽”，“適用于”;lead to：“導(dǎo)致”;amount to：“合計(jì)，總共達(dá)……”，只有選擇lead才能使本句意思完整、準(zhǔn)確。

7.A只要用心注意上面那句話(huà)就可以很容易地找到答案，顯然本句想說(shuō)“現(xiàn)在有一項(xiàng)新的研究想評(píng)估這種速效治療劑究竟效力有多大”。

8.A本句考查的是語(yǔ)法。根據(jù)所給的動(dòng)詞，我們可以猜到本句想說(shuō)的是“Joshua Salomon 說(shuō)，療程較短的治療計(jì)劃可能意味著不僅僅是更多病人被治好”。這里從語(yǔ)法分析，應(yīng)該是缺一個(gè)定語(yǔ)修飾patients.cure是一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞，病人應(yīng)是被治療者。B項(xiàng)to cure不能表示被動(dòng);C和D雖然有表示被動(dòng)的意思，但是C是“正在被治療”，D是“已經(jīng)被治療”，二者隱含的時(shí)態(tài)在這里均不合適，只有A才是恰當(dāng)?shù)摹?

9.D前句說(shuō)到更多病人可以被治愈，根據(jù)推理，后句應(yīng)該是“將感染傳遞給別人的傳染病人就會(huì)更少”，因?yàn)榍昂髢删鋵?shí)際上具有因果關(guān)系。這里必須用比較級(jí)fewer，因?yàn)閒ew是表示“不多的，幾乎沒(méi)有的”(=not many)，而fewer則只是與以前比較“更少”，并沒(méi)有明確多少。

10.C只有填C項(xiàng)tested (“檢驗(yàn)”)才能符合上下文意思，其他三項(xiàng)不僅詞義不合適，詞的用法也不對(duì)。

11.D空白處的上一句實(shí)際上起到提示作用兩個(gè)月的治療方案可以防止大約20%的新病例“，后句自然應(yīng)是”也可能防止大約20%的結(jié)核病死亡“。其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)詞義均相反。

12.B上面兩句說(shuō)到“可以防止大約20%的新病例和可能防止大約20%的死亡”，這自然是“降低”，絕不可能是“增加”，更不是“創(chuàng)作品”、“收藏品”。

13.A空白處的上一句實(shí)際上也起到提示作用，可以推測(cè)，本句應(yīng)該是“制訂DOTS計(jì)劃”，而四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有A項(xiàng)有“制訂”的意思，計(jì)劃也不可能是“發(fā)明”，從上下文分析，更不可能是“推遲”或“拒絕”。

14.C DOTS計(jì)劃土中就包含“直接觀察”的意思，本句中也說(shuō)到“衛(wèi)生工作者監(jiān)督結(jié)核病人每天服藥”，目的自然是要“確信他們繼續(xù)治療”，C項(xiàng)make sure正是“確信”的意思。

15.D research 后面常用on 或into，偶爾也用for 或after，例如：a research for/after facts (對(duì)事實(shí)的調(diào)查)，但不與其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)連用。

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